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MARPOL Annex 6 Chapter 4 – Regulations on energy efficiency of ships

MARPOL Annex 6 Chapter 4 – Regulations on energy efficiency of ships

Table of Contents

Chapter 4: Regulations on energy efficiency of ships

Regulation 19 – Application

This chapter shall apply to all ships of 400 gross tonnage and above.

Regulation 20– Goal

 The goal of this chapter is to reduce the carbon intensity of international shipping, working towards the levels of ambition set out in the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships

Regulation 21– Functional Requirements

Requirements to Reduce Carbon Intensity

To achieve the goal set out in Regulation 20 of this Annex, a ship to which this chapter applies must comply with the following functional requirements:

Technical Carbon Intensity Requirements

  • Comply with regulations 22, 23, 24, and 25 of this Annex.

Operational Carbon Intensity Requirements

  • Comply with regulations 26, 27, and 28 of this Annex.
Regulation 22: Attained EEDI

Meaning:

“Its is a reference value that represents the ship’s estimated performance in terms of energy efficiency.”

1 The attained EEDI shall be calculated for:

.1 each new ship;

.2 each new ship which has undergone a major conversion; and

.3 existing ship which has undergone a major conversion

The attained EEDI shall be specific to each ship and shall indicate the estimated performance of the ship in terms of energy efficiency

it is accompanied by the EEDI technical file that contains the information necessary for the calculation of the attained EEDI and that shows the process of calculation

Attained EEDI shall be verified by organization according to EEDI Technical file.

Here are few factors on which the actual EEDI value of the ship (attained EEDI) would depend upon.

Key Factors:
  1. Specific fuel consumption of engines
  2. Type of fuel used
  3. The speed of the ship
  4. Deadweight of the vessel
  5. Innovative mechanical energy efficient technology used
Regulation 23– Attained Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (attained EEXI)

Calculation and Verification of Attained EEXI

  1. Scope of Calculation
  • The attained Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) shall be calculated for:
    • Each ship.
    • Each ship that has undergone a major conversion.
  1. Applicable Categories
  • The calculation applies to ships falling into one or more of the categories in regulations:
    • 2.2.5
    • 2.2.7
    • 2.2.9
    • 2.2.11
    • 2.2.14 to 2.2.16
    • 2.2.22
    • 2.2.26 to 2.2.29 of this Annex.
  1. Specificity and Documentation
  • The attained EEXI shall be specific to each ship and indicate the estimated energy efficiency performance.
  • It shall be accompanied by the EEXI technical file, which contains the necessary information for the calculation and shows the calculation process.
  1. Verification
  • The attained EEXI shall be verified, based on the EEXI technical file, either by the Administration or by any organization duly authorized by it.

Guidelines for Calculation

  • The attained EEXI shall be calculated considering the guidelines developed by the Organization.

Special Consideration for Certain Ships

Special Rules for Certain Ships:

  1. This applies to ships covered by regulation 22.
  2. These ships can use their Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) as their Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) if:
    • The EEDI has been checked by the proper authorities
    • The EEDI value is the same as or lower than the required EEXI value
  3. If using the EEDI as the EEXI, it must be verified using the EEDI technical file.

In simpler terms, some ships can use their existing efficiency rating (EEDI) as their new efficiency rating (EEXI) if it meets or exceeds the new standards. This saves them from having to do a new calculation.

Regulation 24: Required EEDI

“The Required EEDI is a reference value that sets the minimum energy efficiency standard for new ships.”

Applies for each:

.1 new ship;

.2 new ship which has undergone a major conversion; and

.3 new or existing ship which has undergone a major conversion

Attained EEDI ≤ Required EEDI = (1-X/100) x reference line value

Reference line value is the function of Deadweight of the ship and Ship Type

X is reduction factor

Now we are in Phase 2 (1 Jan 2020 –31 Dec 2024),

Reduction factor for bulk carrier is 20.

Regulation 25: Required EEXI

Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) Requirements

Applicability

This regulation applies to:

  1. Each ship
  2. Each ship that has undergone a major conversion

falling into one of the categories specified in regulations 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2.9, 2.2.11, 2.2.14 to 2.2.16, 2.2.22, and 2.2.26 to 2.2.29.

EEXI Formula

The attained EEXI shall meet the following condition:

Attained EEXI ≤ Required EEXI = (1 – Y) · EEDI reference line value

Where:

  • Y is the reduction factor specified in Table 3 for the required EEXI compared to the EEDI reference line.

Table 3: Reduction Factors for EEXI Relative to EEDI Reference Line

Ship Type Size (DWT unless specified) Reduction Factor (%)
Bulk carrier ≥ 200,000 15
20,000 – 199,999 20
10,000 – 19,999 0-20*
Gas carrier ≥ 15,000 30
10,000 – 14,999 20
2,000 – 9,999 0-20*
Tanker ≥ 200,000 10
20,000 – 199,999 15
4,000 – 19,999 0-20*
Containership ≥ 200,000 50
120,000 – 199,999 45
80,000 – 119,999 35
40,000 – 79,999 30
15,000 – 39,999 20
10,000 – 14,999 0-20*
General cargo ship ≥ 15,000 30
3,000 – 14,999 0-30*
Refrigerated cargo carrier ≥ 5,000 15
3,000 – 4,999 0-15*
Combination carrier ≥ 20,000 20
4,000 – 19,999 0-20*
LNG carrier ≥ 10,000 30
Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) ≥ 10,000 15
Ro-ro cargo ship ≥ 2,000 5
1,000 – 1,999 0-5*
Ro-ro passenger ship ≥ 1,000 5
250 – 999 0-5*
Cruise passenger ship (non-conventional propulsion) ≥ 85,000 GT 30
25,000 – 84,999 GT 0-30*

*Note: Reduction factor to be linearly interpolated between the two values dependent upon ship size. The lower value of the reduction factor is to be applied to the smaller ship size.

EEDI Reference Line Calculation

  • EEDI reference line values shall be calculated according to regulations 24.3 and 24.4 of this Annex.
  • For ro-ro cargo ships and ro-ro passenger ships, the reference line value from phase 2 and thereafter under regulation 24.3 shall be used.

Review Process

  • A review of this regulation’s effectiveness will be completed by January 1, 2026.
  • The review will consider any guidelines developed by the Organization.
  • If amendments are decided upon based on the review, they will be adopted and brought into force in accordance with article 16 of the present Convention.
Regulation 26: Ship energy efficiency management plan

Ship energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP) is a

ship specific plan that provides a mechanism to improve the energy efficiency of a ship in a cost-effective manner.

It is mandatory for all ship over 400 GT from 1st Jan,2013

SEEMP is a special tool to measure and control GHG (greenhouse gas) emission developed by IMO.

SEEMP is divided into 3 parts:

SEEMP PART (1):

→ Ship Management Plan to Improve Energy Efficiency.
✓Applicable for ships over 400 GT since 01 January 2013.

How to implement: –

It will implement on four steps
1. Planning
2. Implementation
3. Monitoring
4. Self-evaluation and improvement

How to Achieve Energy Efficiency in Ships

Navigation Department

  1. Improved voyage planning
  2. Weather routing
  3. Speed optimization
  4. Optimum use of rudder and heading control systems (autopilots)

Deck Department

  1. Optimum Draft & Trim
  2. Optimum Ballast Operation
  3. Optimum Cargo Operation
  4. Hull Monitoring & Maintenance

Engine Department

  1. Operation at constant shaft RPM
  2. Optimum Propeller Maintenance
  3. Optimum Electric Power Management
  4. Optimum Engine Maintenance/Performance
  5. Optimum Running Hours Maintenance
  6. Optimum Waste Heat Recovery
  7. Boiler Use Management
  8. Propulsion system maintenance

Management and Training

  1. Energy Conservation Awareness
  2. Improved fleet management

Cargo Operations

  1. Improved cargo handling
SEEMP PART (2):

→Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data Collection Plan.
✓Applicable for ships 5000 GT & Above from 01 March 2018

SEEMP part 2 provides uniform way of collecting data.

type of data require is:

  • Type of fuel consumed (for example, Diesel oil / Heavy oil)
    ·Amount of each fuel consumed
    · Distance travelled
    · Hours underway

Method Used to collect Data is:

  1. Bunker Delivery notes
    2. Flow meters
    3. Bunker Fuel Oil Tank Monitoring onboard.

NOTE: SEEMP may form part of the “Ship Safety Management System”.

SEEMP PART (3):

This is an extensive plan to improve carbon intensity indicator rating.

CII Rating is amount of CO2 emitted in grams per cargo carrying capacity and distance travelled.

SEEMP Part 3 in a nutshell

From 2023, ships must calculate the carbon intensity index.

→ A verified SEEMP Part III contains Ship Operational Carbon Intensity Plan.

→ It will serve as the implementation plan for achieving the required CII.

→ This is a dynamic plan. It needs to be amended and revised to achieve the CO2 reduction rating.

→ Unlike SEEMP 1, it needs to be verified by flag or RO.

→ Company needs to verify SEEMP Part 3 in its audits.

Requirement for SEEMP III

  • It has to bekept on boardfrom 1 January 2023 to document how you plan to achieve your CII targets

Connection between the SEEMP Part III, DCS and CII

  • It should include the methodology used forcalculating the CII and how to report it.
  • Therequired CIIfor the next three years, calculated based on the individual vessel’s specifications
  • A3-year implementation plandocumenting how the required CII will be achieved during the next three years, with yearly targets
  • Procedures forself-evaluationand improvement.
  • Correctiveaction plan in case of inferior rating.
  • Collecting annual fuel data from 1 January to 31 December

Suppose a ship gets an E rating in any year or a D rating for three consecutive years. In that case, it is necessary to complete a corrective action plan in the SEEMP III and obtain confirmation from the Administration or an RO.

  • Verification of the reporting data, including the CII rating result, and issuance of a Statement of Compliance by the Administration or an RO
  • Company audits on SEEMP Part III within six months after issuing the Statement of Compliance.

It should also be noted that the new SEEMP III comes in addition to the SEEMP I and SEEMP II and will be handled as a separate document.

Regulation 27: Collection and Reporting of Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data

It is Applicable to ships greater than 5000 GT from 1 march 2018

 The system have three main elements:
1. Data collection and reporting by ships (company)
2. Data verification by Flag State and delivery to IMO
3. Data storage in a centralized database at the IMO.

Types of data to be reported

The following data to be reported annually:
• Technical characteristics of the ship:

  • Ship IMO number
  • Ship type
  • Gross Tonnage
  • Net tonnage
  • Deadweight at summer load line
  • Main and auxiliary engine MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating)
  • EEDI, if applicable
  • Ice class, if applicable
  • Total annual fuel consumption by fuel type
    • Distance travelled
    • Hours underway

Methods of data collection

Three main methods to be used:
• Use of BDN plus additional ship-board fuel storage check at the start and end of reporting period.
• Fuel oil tank sounding and calculation of fuel consumption for the reporting period
• Use of fuel flow meters.

Verification of data – Statement of Compliance

  • Verification is the responsibility of Flag Administration
    data that will be verified are:
    • The data collectionmethod and process(this will be included in SEEMP)
    • The actual data submitted and their compliance with the agreed process
    • A Statement of Compliance (SOC) will be issued for each calendar year by Administration.
    • The Statement of Compliance (SOC) and disaggregated data should be retained on-board the ship for a set period (for at least the period of its validity)

Reporting and IMO database

  • It is the responsibility of the Flag Administration to transfer the relevant data to the IMO database.
    • IMO will set up a “Fuel Oil Consumption Data Base”.
    • IMO will store the data in the data base.
    • MARPOL Annex VI Parties will be able to access the database, but ships will remain anonymous
Regulation 28: Operational Carbon Intensity

Operational Carbon Intensity:

Attained Annual Operational CII

  1. Calculation Period: After the end of each calendar year, starting from 2023
  2. Applicable Ships: 5,000 gross tonnage and above, falling into specific categories
  3. Calculation Method: Using data collected in accordance with regulation 27, following IMO guidelines
  4. Reporting Deadline: Within three months after the end of each calendar year
  5. Reporting Method: Electronic communication using IMO-developed standardized format

Required Annual Operational CII

  1. Formula: Required annual operational CII = (1 – Z) · CIIR
    • Z: Annual reduction factor
    • CIIR: Reference value
  2. Determination: Values defined according to IMO guidelines

Operational Carbon Intensity Rating

  1. Rating Scale: A, B, C, D, or E
    • A: Major superior
    • B: Minor superior
    • C: Moderate
    • D: Minor inferior
    • E: Inferior
  2. Rating Determination: Comparison of attained CII against required CII
  3. Verification: By Administration or authorized organization

Corrective Actions and Incentives

  1. Trigger for Corrective Action:
    • D rating for three consecutive years, or
    • E rating in any year
  2. Action Required: Develop a plan of corrective actions
  3. SEEMP Review: Include corrective action plan in Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
  4. SEEMP Submission: Within 1 month of reporting attained annual operational CII
  5. Implementation: Undertake planned corrective actions
  6. Incentives: Encouraged for ships rated A or B

Review Process

  1. Review Date: By 1 January 2026
  2. Assessment Areas:
    • Effectiveness in reducing carbon intensity
    • Need for reinforced corrective actions
    • Enforcement mechanism enhancement
    • Data collection system improvement
    • Revision of Z factor and CIIR values
  3. Amendments: To be adopted and enforced as per article 16 of the Convention

Special Provisions

  1. Ship Transfers: Calculate and report CII for the full calendar year in which the transfer occurred
  2. Reporting Obligations: Transfer does not relieve ships of existing reporting obligations
Regulation 29: Promotion of Technical Cooperation and Transfer of Technology Relating to the Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ships

Key Points on Technical Assistance and Cooperation

  1. Promotion and Support for Technical Assistance
  • Administrations must cooperate with the Organization and other international bodies.
  • They should promote and provide support to States that request technical assistance, especially developing States.
  • Support can be provided directly or through the Organization.
  1. Cooperation Among Parties for Technology Development and Information Exchange
  • The Administration of a Party must cooperate actively with other Parties.
  • This cooperation is subject to the Party’s national laws, regulations, and policies.
  • The goal is to promote the development and transfer of technology and the exchange of information.
  • This cooperation is particularly aimed at States that request technical assistance, especially developing States.
  • The focus is on implementing measures to fulfil the requirements of Chapter 4 of this Annex, specifically regulations 19.4 to 19.6.

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Shafiul Bari is a professional engineer with a passion for learning and sharing knowledge. Whether you're here to learn about engineering, discuss the latest book you've read, or share parenting tips, I'm excited to engage with you. Feel free to explore my blog posts and reach out with any questions or thoughts. Together, we can create a community of continuous learning and growth.

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