Steering Gear Failure on Ships
Common Causes
- Oil leakages due to worn seals or gaskets
- Mismatched rudder angles from improper control mechanism adjustments
- Failure of transmission systems between bridge and steering gear
- Breakdown of electrical or hydraulic power supply systems
- Aft-end vibrations loosening control system components over time
- Inefficient maintenance leading to system deterioration
Indications of Failure
- Off-course alarm rings when on auto-steering
- Ship begins to drift and rudder indicator not moving when on manual steering
- No response from rudder despite manual inputs
Immediate Actions
- Inform the master and engine room immediately
- Disengage autopilot and switch to manual steering
- Reduce speed to minimum steerage way
- Investigate for navigational hazards
- Make appropriate sound signals
- Exhibit “Not Under Command” shapes/lights
- Broadcast urgency message to nearby vessels
- Prepare engines for maneuvering
- Ready anchor if in suitable water depth
Emergency Procedures
- Switch to secondary steering system (if available)
- Check both steering pumps are operational
- Try Non-Follow Up (NFU) steering mode
- Engage emergency steering from steering gear compartment if bridge control fails
- Use bow thrusters or stern lines for steering if rudder inoperable
- Consider requesting tug assistance if near shore
Preventive Measures
- Conduct regular maintenance and inspections
- Perform steering gear tests before departure
- Train crew on emergency procedures through drills
- Install redundant steering control systems
- Implement condition monitoring systems
- Reduce vibrations through improved design
Remember to stay calm, follow procedures, and prioritize vessel and crew safety when dealing with steering gear failure. Quick action and proper training are key to managing this critical situation.
