Thermal Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle

Carnot conceived a cycle made up of thermodynamically reversible processes. By calculating the thermal efficiency of this cycle it is possible to establish the maximum possible efficiency between the temperature limits taken (see sections 6.6 and 15.2). Figure 15.13(a) illustrates the Carnot cycle on a P—V diagram and Fig. 15.13(b) on a diagram. It consists of four reversible processes:

Fig. 15.13 Carnot Cycle (a) P-V Diagram, (b) T-S diagram

1-2 Isothermal expansion:
Pressure falls from P1 to P2.
Volume increases from V1 to V2.
Temperature remains constant at T1 = T2.

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Thermal Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle